n a world where global trade is rapidly digitalizing and competition is intensifying by the day, import and export operations have become vital for companies aiming to survive and grow. But these processes involve far more than simply moving goods across borders—they require complex legal, financial, and logistical oversight.

So, what should businesses pay attention to when stepping into international trade?

 

1. Accurate HS Code Classification

Every product has a globally recognized 12-digit Harmonized System (HS) code. Misclassification can result in incorrect customs duties, legal penalties, and delays in clearance.

2. Regulatory Compliance and Legal Tracking

Ensuring that the product complies with import/export regulations is essential. Non-tariff barriers, quotas, and restrictions must be analyzed.

➡️ For example: Medical goods may require Ministry of Health approval; food products may need Ministry of Agriculture permits.

3. Country Risk Analysis

While trade is technically possible with any country, not all countries are equally safe or easy to work with. Political stability, currency risks, and customs tariffs of the destination country must be evaluated.

4. Choosing the Right Customs Regime

Turkey applies several customs regimes: release for free circulation, inward processing, temporary import, outward processing, bonded warehouse, transit, and processing under customs control.

Incorrect selection may lead to penalties or missed incentives.

5. Complete and Consistent Documentation

Most import/export transactions require the following documents:

• Commercial Invoice
• Packing List
• Bill of Lading (B/L, AWB, CMR)
• Certificate of Origin
• Customs Declaration

Even a minor inconsistency between documents can cause customs delays.

6. Pricing and Payment Terms

Proper pricing is key for exporters, while importers must calculate true landed costs. The payment method also determines risk levels:

• Letter of Credit (L/C)
• Advance Payment
• Deferred Payment
• Cash Against Goods

➡️ Each method carries a different risk profile.

7. Logistics and Warehousing Planning

If the goods don’t arrive on time, the entire supply chain breaks. Transport method (road, sea, air, rail), transit times, domestic delivery, bonded warehouse or free zone usage must be carefully planned.

8. Insurance Coverage

Damage, loss, or delay during shipment can result in significant costs. Under Incoterms like CIF or CIP, insurance responsibilities must be clearly defined.

9. Customs Brokerage and Consultancy

Working with an experienced customs broker accelerates the process and minimizes risks. For companies new to international trade, this support is critical.

10. Utilizing Export Incentives and Support Programs

Government bodies like the Ministry of Trade and KOSGEB offer various export incentives (freight subsidies, promotional support, trade fairs, overseas office setup, etc.). To benefit, proper documentation and timely applications are required.

 

Importing and exporting is not only a matter of courage—it’s a matter of precision and expertise.
Every country has its own rules. Every product may require different permits. Mastering the details is the key to thriving in global trade.